Savior Siblings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Savior Siblings - Essay Example This may involve: pursuing parenthood through adoption and foregoing conceiving children who have blood ties, applying a collaborative reproductive procedure e.g. surrogacy or donation of an egg, embryo or sperm with a parent who is free of the genetic illness being the child's genetic parent, following conception women may undertake pre natal diagnosis i.e. PND though the procedure involved has an inherent risk and also raises a challenge in the decision as to whether to terminate the a pregnancy of a fetus which is affected. PND is recognized and a number of women have continually ended pregnancies in their effort to conceive a child with no genetic illness under debate. PGD/embryo screening has the merit that it informs a woman whether her baby is affected or not with the genetic problem In question or under test during her initial stages of her pregnancy; this enables the said woman to make an informed decision as to whether to terminate or continue with the pregnancy. As such, owing to the ethical, psychological and physical reasons, PGD option is more preferred to PND/fetal screening. The initial PGD application was reported in 1989 and so far it is applied as detect quite a big number of a genetic conditions e.g. determining embryo's sex ( this have medical relevance for sex-related conditions such as hemophilia and Duchene's muscular dystrophy), identification of the single gene conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy, thalassaemia and cystic fibrosis. Human Leucocytes Antigen tissue typing together with PGD may make it certain the fact that an embryo is not affected by a severe genetic condition/s and also guarantee that the said child possibly will be a tissue-matched donor for an existing affected sibling requiring stem cell transplant. The embryo is not prone to extra risk as the equivalent biopsy carried out for PGD may be applied to check for tissue typing. Donating cord blood stem cell is not invasive, thus postnatal intervention concerning the "savior sibling" is not possible, and hence, no physical harm risk is incurred. I agree with the authority's decision of rejecting the request by the Whitaker family on the basis that it was not right to create a human life with the express intent of saving another life. There are various ethical arguments in opposition to the notion of 'saviour siblings' i.e. wrongful instrumentalization of the child, welfare of the child and slippery slope. Wrongful Instrumentalization of the Child Wrongful instrumentalization of the child is founded on the grounds that any child should be sought for his/her own sake. The concept of wrongful instrumentalization holds both the notion of choosing the character of a child and conceiving him or her so as to provide the ends of another child. The 'savior siblings' idea renders its application as a tool even though for superior ends. In case of conceivement of a savior sibling, he/she should be taken care of as a human being with his/her personal rights. It can not be accepted where the single reason for conceiving a child as a "savior sibling" is to make available a supply of stem cells that will be utilized to take care of a child on hand ( Immanuel kant pp) Welfare of the Child Welfare of the child

The rate of the reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of the reaction Essay

Investigation of Tensile Strength

Investigation of Tensile Strength Direct tension is another method to categorize fatigue cracking. In this test procedure, tensile strength is measured in terms of tensile stress and tensile strain. Tensile stress is basically the resistance to fracture damage and tensile strain at maximum load is the ductility potential. In this testing procedure uniaxial tension is applied on the specimen. A cylindrical specimen is required having a 4 inch (100 mm) diameter and 6 inch (150 mm) or 4 inch (100 mm) height.(Walubita et al., 2011). The load is usually monotonically increasing at loading rate is 0.05 in./min (1.3 mm/min) at 77 °F . (Walubita et al., 2005). For direct tension test specimen were compacted in the Superpave Gyratory Compactor having the mold height of 6.9 in (175 mm) in and a diameter of 5.9 in (150 mm) diameter. Sample is then put for curing for 24 hours and after that, it needs to be glued to the testing device carefully before running the test. Load, vertical displacement, and time, these are the t hree data that is obtained from the test.    For the DT test the tensile stress can be computed as à Ã†â€™t= P/(à Ã¢â€š ¬r2)=P/à Ã¢â€š ¬D2/4 Where à Ã†â€™t=Minimum tensile stress; p=load; r=specimen radius D= specimen diameter (Dissertation Walubita, 2006) And the tensile strain at maximum axial load can be computed as ÃŽÂ µt=10^6v/h ; ÃŽÂ µt=average axial tensile strain, V= average axial specimen deformation h= specimen height. This way, HMA stiffness can be obtained as St= à Ã†â€™t/ÃŽÂ µt, where St=Youngs Modulus (Stiffness); à Ã†â€™t= Tensile stress (Maximum) ÃŽÂ µt= Tensile strain at maximum axial load. (Walubita et al., 2005), suggested à Ã†â€™t>=65 psi ÃŽÂ µt= (Lytton, 2012) discussed about the procedure of testing field cores for direct tension. After getting the rectangular sample form the cylindrical field core, having length of 4 inch (102mm) and width of 3 inch (76 mm) and thickness of 1.5-3 inch (38-76 mm). As a steel cap is needed to be glued to the each specimen end, the authors used a special gluing jig to keep the specimen centrally aligned with the cap. In total six LVDTs were attached to measure the vertical and horizontal displacement at top, bottom and center layers. The authors run the test in different temperatures (10 °C 20  °C) in electro hydraulic servo machine (MTS) with a feedback frequency of 2Hz (done in an old machine) 20Hz (done in a new machine). Figure 2: Test setup with LVDT arrangement ((Lytton, 2012) References: Dissertation, A., Walubita, L. F. (2006). Comparison of Fatigue Analysis Approaches for Predicting Fatigue Lives of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete ( Hmac ) Mixtures Comparison of Fatigue Analysis Approaches for Predicting Fatigue Lives of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete ( Hmac ) Mixtures. Analysis, (May). Lytton, R. (2012). Analytical-Numerical Methodology To Measure Undamaged , Fracture and Healing Properties of Asphalt Mixtures, (December). Walubita, L. F., Jamison, B. P., Das, G., Scullion, T., Martin, A. E., Rand, D., Mikhail, M. (2011). Search for a Laboratory Test to Evaluate Crack Resistance of Hot-Mix Asphalt. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2210(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3141/2210-08 Walubita, L. F., Martin, A. E., Jung, S. H., Glover, C. J., Chowdhury, A., Park, E. S., Lytton, R. L. (2005). Project Title: Evaluate the Fatigue Resistance of Rut Resistance Mixes . URLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4468-1.pdf. Security, 7(2). Wen, H., Investigation of Effects of Testing Methods on Characterization of Asphalt Concrete, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 1-7, 2003.

A Trek to Nowhere :: Example Personal Narratives

A Trek to Nowhere         Ã‚  Ã‚   The occasional banging of an oar on the edge of a canoe is the only significant noise that accompanies us on our way to the waterfall.   The boys had been fishing by the waterfall and mentioned its existence to us, so we've decided to check it out.   There are twenty-one of us on the Bureau Valley High School Science Club's trip to Boundary Waters, a wilderness camping and canoeing area in northern Minnesota.   A small group of us enjoys exploring the terrain, especially as opposed to the monotony of fishing, and we are now on a waterfall mission.        Ã‚  Ã‚   It is a gentle June morning, still a bit chilly for we Illinoians.   We are subject to erratic periods of sunlight, as the sun discards one garment after another, unsatisfied with her immense cumulus wardrobe.   There are only tattered bits of mist still hanging over the lake; most of it has already noiselessly dissolved.   The breeze cajoles straying wisps of my hair, and as we row steadily toward the waterfall I consider the serenity of the wilderness: the complete peacefulness.   I revel in the absence of snorting mufflers, rambunctious screeching tires, innumerable Super Wal-Marts, and ever-encroaching subdivisions.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   My appreciation grows as I compare the previous year's vacation to this year's at Boundary Waters.   Not that the Badlands weren't a sight to see -- they were.   But the whole Badlands/Blackhills area was literally infested with tourist-related billboards (all displaying nearly the same overly-enthusiastic tidings) and informational pamphlets (in every public building, including the podiatrist's office).   And no telling which pamphlets were fact and which were part fabrication.   Wall, South Dakota, was a choice example of the tourist-nabbing chaos.   Along the interstate, approximately every five minutes, billboards would proclaim the number of miles remaining before Wall, South Dakota, as if speedometers didn't exist.   Upon arriving in Wall, one's hopes were treacherously dashed.   Wall was a tourist town like any other, only it was larger, and junk was more prolific.   It was a frail excuse after such a dramatic drumroll via the billboar ds, signs, and pamphlets.      Ã‚  Ã‚   A loon's bittersweet call imposes on my reflections, and I realize that we have reached our destination.

Differences Between The Impacts Of Hurricane Katrina And Cyclone Nargis

Tropical revolving storms have a marked influence on the areas they consume. Whether it’s at the point of striking (our primary effects) or the secondary factors days/months/years afterwards: they impact on the social, environmental and economic stature of an area. This is evident when comparing two of the most notable tropical revolving storms in the last decade. Hurricane Katrina hit the MEDC coast of Louisiana and the Mississippi in the form of a category 5 storm and the category 4 cyclone Nargis hit the LEDC nation, Burma, particularly the Irrawaddy delta.Despite similar magnitudes the impacts of these two tropical revolving storms varied- so how and why was this? A telling factor of the impacts is the initial effect on the people in the event of the storms. Significantly hurricane Katrina had its most serious effect on the densely populated area of New Orleans. The storm burst the banks of the Mississippi with gusts of wind up to 345km/h and caused widespread flooding par ticularly to the vulnerable low lying regions of the lower 9nth ward, this quickly became the major cause of death with up to 90% of initial deaths as a result of drowning with powerful current s sweeping people away.In total with the combined force of floods and wind up to 1 million people became homeless and 1,833 died. When looking at the same factors in the Irrawaddy delta, Nargis caused almost 10x the amount of death: 138,000 lost their lives with 2. 4million immediately homeless as a result of again strong 220km/h winds and flooding. Immediately then we can see a profound difference on a relatively similar impact region. This is where the infrastructure of an MEDC comes into place.To reduce the initial impacts 50% of the New Orleans population evacuated using their private cars or school buses after being warned by advanced early warning systems in place across the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally many buildings around New Orleans many of the buildings were high-rise brick/concret e constructions therefore escaped the effects of flooding, so not as many homes were completely destroyed. Alternatively in a LEDC (Burma) the area has little infrastructure or no means of evacuation: helicopters, cars, buses were not available.Buildings too did not meet the same building regulations in the USA so strong winds destroyed many homes. So how did these initial social impacts conspire to the coming days/months/years? What were the secondary effects on the people? There is evidence that shows political influences of both the USA and Burma actually worsened the social impact on the people. In Burma the state is controlled by the military or ‘Junta’ and to preserve national pride (amongst other reasons) they did not initially allow for emergency aid. This resulted in a weak slow response leaving over 2. 4 million people with no shelter, water or food, and basic sanitation.Finally 7 days later the Junta allowed the most basic supplies from the UN and other East Asian countries. Added with the poor infrastructure of an LEDC by this time thousands more had died from starvation as well as outbreaks of waterborne diseases such as cholera so in terms of long term social affects those who had survived grew weaker by the day. Moving further in the future it’s believed more than 7% of the current Burmese population are living permanently in plastic shelters as a result of low GDP per capita, characterising LEDCs as a whole, the secondary social impacts were large also.How about the MEDC then? In the event of hurricane Katrina we can see how the USA’s- despite the world’s largest economy (at the time) – government influences slowed the relief effort which in result impacted the social impact. Firstly the federal government’s relief budget could not be accessed immediately due to no emergency congress occurring before the storm hit. The Louisiana state government too were criticised for reacting slowly as well as t he overall amount of relief workers was reduced by up to 60% as a result of the war in Afghanistan.So similarly with Burma the areas with up to 90% destruction faced shelter, water, food and sanitary issues. However with the economic power of USA and improved infrastructure and advanced emergency services including the US coast guard and fire services many people homeless initially took refuge in emergency shelters and even the New Orleans super dome meant over 100,000 found the basic needs quickly- reducing the death and disease characteristic in cyclone Nargis. Although with MEDC’s capacity of wealthy property: crime and looting was a real problem in New Orleans especially after one of the main prisons being evacuated.Something that was less prominent Burma. Socially then, both long and short term, for the basic needs cyclone Nargis had a more profound impact on the people as New Orleans suffered differently as a result of different economic stature in the USA. From the soc ial effects then, we can clearly see that many homes in both the Irrawaddy delta and New Orleans were destroyed to leave so many homeless, yet the impact of both Katrina and Nargis had a wider spread effect on the environment.The US geological survey has estimated 217 square miles of land was transformed by flooding caused by Katrina- and within this many communities, businesses, and public services were destroyed, with 80% of all dwellings damaged in some way. Other significant effects include 20% of all local marshes being permanently damaged, 16 national wildlife refuges damaged and 7 million gallons of oil being leaked into water systems.Drawing in the social effects again we can see how the effect on the initial environment impacts made up to 1 million people homeless however when we start to look at the secondary factors I believe the impacts where minor. Once the people were evacuated and received emergency aid the main environmental impact in the coming weeks/years (evidence d above) was on the wildlife or the economy- despite this being important (as I will elaborate later) it did not have any immediate danger to the people long term.In stark contrast the vast flat environment of the Irrawaddy delta is the life support system that feeds, cleans and pays the people of south Burma. The 3 main environmental factors were impacted on hugely by cyclone Nargis: the shrimp industry was 100% damaged immediately with the destruction of boats and shallow delta waters, over 200,000 livestock were killed which were used for meat or milk or as crop harvesters, and 80-90% of all rice crops were destroyed by sea waters.This then immediately meant people died so the primary environmental impacts were huge. Unlike Katrina in the USA the environmental impact then worsened in the secondary stages. With no boats the shrimp industry has still not returned to full strength to this day and the rice paddies damaged could not be used up to 12 months afterwards with no full harv est till the following year- today many of the paddies have been completely destroyed and there was a large shortage of livestock in the years following Nargis.So then the impact on the environment for the people of Burma was far more detrimental than the environmental impacts of Katrina again enhanced by the LEDC status, but we can see how these effects transpired into the social effects we saw before and indeed economic impacts. Economic impacts always tend to be a secondary issue but both Katrina and Nargis were given an estimated figure for the scale of damage on the economy- and this is certainly telling when looking at the differences in impacts of the two tropical storms. Cyclone nargis was estimated to cost $10 billion –Katrina: $150 billion.This is a clear difference and in many ways, unlike the social and environmental impacts, the LEDC is far better off. AS I mentioned before LEDCs have less infrastructure therefore when cyclone Nargis hit Burma there was far less in terms of economic value to destroy, eventually to replace. Whereas in the USA the sustained infrastructure (distinctive in a MEDC) means there is far more to destroy: so there’s more to replace. Even 8 years after Katrina both on and an individual basis and internationally the USA are still paying for Katrina.The richer people were forced to use savings and insurance to rebuild homes, whereas federal run development programmes, such as the reconstruction of the lower 9nth ward are still taking place putting a huge burden on the federal and state governments. Smaller businesses have gone bust and even public services, like fire stations or forensic labs have shortfalls of millions of dollars to once again become operational. Nationally the economic impact is thought to have also influenced the prolonging of USA’s national recession to, which in turn has affected other trading national like the UK.On the other side in the LEDC of Burma despite similar shortfalls of mo ney to restore the nation to former ‘glory’ the process has more simple. International aid has eventually covered a much higher percentage of the damage costs because of this simplicity and overall cheaper cost- therefore with this aid money pledged by the UN and the Junta it has been a much easier process for the nation and individually. so we can see how long term these economic impacts are actually more ‘manageable’ for Burma after Nargis than those for the USA after Katrina.Concluding then, we can clearly highlight the differences in impacts as a result of hurricane Katrina and Cyclone Nargis: socially, environmentally, and economically- both primarily and secondarily. I have noticed a difference in impacts based on the previous economic state of a country, when looking at these two tropical storms. Socially the impacts of Nargis far superseded that of Katrina both primarily and secondarily and I do not think this would have differed removing the poor p olitical influence both nations had.Whereas environmentally despite the initial impacts seeming worse in New Orleans as a result of Katrina, we can see that in Burma as with many LEDC’s the effect on the environment is far more detrimental in the years/months to come. I think this is because of the pure economic power of an MEDC like USA, it has the money to rebuild the environment in a matter of years- nevertheless this is the downfall of MEDC’s as we saw when looking at the superior economic impacts of Katrina compared to Nargis’s. Thus the severity of impact of these two tropical storms differs, not because of the magnitude, but because of the economic state.

How Sarin Nerve Gas Works (And What to Do If Exposed)

How Sarin Nerve Gas Works (And What to Do If Exposed) Sarin is an organophosphate nerve agent. It most commonly is considered a nerve gas, but it mixes with water, so ingestion of contaminated food/water or liquid skin contact also are possible. Exposure to even a small amount of Sarin may be fatal, yet treatments are available that may prevent permanent neurological damage and death. Heres a look at how it works and how exposure to Sarin is treated. Key Takeaways: Sarin Sarin is an organophosphate nerve gas- a type of chemical weapon.The gas dissolves in water, so Sarin can be delivered in food or liquids as well as air.Sarin works like a pesticide. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preventing muscle relaxation.Although Sarin can be deadly, mild exposure can be survivable. If exposed, get away from the nerve agent, remove all exposed clothing and clean skin with soap and water. Seek emergency medical attention. What Is Sarin? Sarin is a man-made chemical with the formula [(CH3)2CHO]CH3P(O)F. It was developed in 1938 by German researchers at IG Farben for use as a pesticide. Sarin gets its name from its discoverers: Schrader, Ambros, Rà ¼diger, and Van der Linde. Pure Sarin is colorless, odorless, and has no flavor. It is heavier than air, so Sarin vapor sinks into low-lying areas or toward the bottom of a room. The chemical evaporates in air and mixes readily with water. Clothing absorbs Sarin and its mixtures, which can spread exposure if contaminated clothing is not contained. Its important to understand you can survive a low concentration of Sarin exposure as long as you dont panic and do seek medical attention. If you survive initial exposure, you may have several minutes to several hours to reverse the effects. At the same time, dont assume you are in the clear just because you survived initial exposure. Because effects may be delayed, its important to get medical attention. How Sarin Works Sarin is a nerve agent, which means it interferes with the normal signaling between nerve cells. It acts in much the same way as organophosphate insecticides, block nerve endings from allowing muscles to stop contracting. Death may occur when the muscles controlling breathing become ineffective, causing asphyxiation. Sarin acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Ordinarily, this protein degrades acetylcholine released at the synaptic cleft. The acetylcholine activates nerve fibers that cause muscles to contract. If the neurotransmitter is not removed, the muscles dont relax. Sarin forms a covalent bond with the serine residue at the active site on the cholinesterase molecule, making it unable to bind to acetylcholine. Symptoms of Sarin Exposure Symptoms depend on the route and intensity of exposure. The lethal dose is incrementally higher than the dose producing minor symptoms. For example, inhaling an extremely low concentration of Sarin may produce a runny nose, yet a very slightly higher dose may cause incapacitation and death. The onset of symptoms depends on dose, usually within minutes to hours after exposure. Symptoms include: Dilated pupilsHeadacheSense of pressureSalivationRunny nose or congestionNauseaVomitingTightness in chestAnxietyMental confusionNightmaresWeaknessTremors or twitchesInvoluntary defecation or urinationAbdominal crampsDiarrhea If an antidote is not given, symptoms may proceed to convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Treating Sarin Victims Although Sarin can kill and cause permanent damage, individuals who suffer mild exposure usually recover completely if given immediate treatment. The first and most important action is removing Sarin from the body. Antidotes to Sarin include atropine, Biperiden, and pralidoxime. Treatment is most effective if given immediately, but still helps if some times passes (minutes to hours) between exposure and treatment. Once the chemical agent is neutralized, supportive medical care is helpful. What to Do If You Are Exposed To Sarin Do not administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to a person exposed to Sarin, since the rescuer can be poisoned. If you think you have been exposed to Sarin gas or Sarin-contaminated food, water, or clothing, its important to seek professional medical attention. Flush exposed eyes with water. Clean exposed skin with soap and water. If you have access to a protective respiratory mask, hold your breath until you can secure the mask. Emergency injections typically are used only if symptoms of severe exposure occur or if the Sarin is injected. If you have access to injectables, be sure to understand when to use/not-use them, since the chemicals used to treat Sarin come with their own risks. References CDC Sarin Fact SheetSarin Material Safety Data Sheet, 103d Congress, 2d Session. United States Senate. May 25, 1994.Millard CB, Kryger G, Ordentlich A, et al. (June 1999). Crystal structures of aged phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase: nerve agent reaction products at the atomic level. Biochemistry 38 (22): 7032–9.Hà ¶rnberg, Andreas; Tunemalm, Anna-Karin; Ekstrà ¶m, Fredrik (2007). Crystal Structures of Acetylcholinesterase in Complex with Organophosphorus Compounds Suggest that the Acyl Pocket Modulates the Aging Reaction by Precluding the Formation of the Trigonal Bipyramidal Transition State. Biochemistry 46 (16): 4815–4825.

Martin Luther Trial essays

Martin Luther Trial essays Martin Luther refused to admit guilt for what he had repeatedly published over the prior four years. Martin Luther was a German monk and was directly challenging the authority and teaching of Western Christendom and the man believed by Catholics to be the human representative of God on Earth, the Pope, Pope Leo X to be exact. Luther was challenging the power of Rome just as his ancestors did centuries ago. In order for the church to pay for wars and to encourage young men to fight began selling indulgences around the time of the Crusades. Anyone who bought an indulgence would receive complete absolution and remission of all sins and preferential treatment for future sins. Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church at Wittenberg. Luthers argument was that selling pardons like souvenirs trivialized sins. He criticized the pope for claiming to be able to reach beyond the grave and spring a soul from purgatory. After posting the Ninety-Five Theses the sale of indulgences went down drastically outside of Saxony, the region surrounding Wittenberg. As word spread around Western Europe, demonstrations for or against Luther started. A few archbishops called for heresy proceedings against Luther to begin immediately. Luther still published other pamphlets that condemned everything from relics and pilgrimages to the Holy City of Rome and extravagant claims of the power of the saints. Soon after, Pope Leo X had Luther brought to Rome. He had Luther issue a public retraction and swear to never again question papal authority, Luther refused. His public criticism of the misuse of letters of indulgence in 1517 did not result in the desired discussion but led to the start of a court of inquisition culminating in Luther's excommunication after the Imperial Diet of Worms in 1521. Frederick the Wise, king of Germany,...

Free Essays on White Teacher Talks About Race

Julie Landsman gives off a unique and inspiring aspect in teaching a complex culture in her book, â€Å"A White Teacher Talks about Race.† I have learned the many different qualities and responsibilities teachers need to hold in order to understand and be able to relate with their students. What I respected the most is how Julie strived to reach her students in such a subtle way. The education system isn’t going to change within a matter of months or years it will take decades to keep the progression of change to take effect. It is the teacher’s responsibility over those years to keep the students best interest in mind. Julie made a great point stating that the laws will have to soften and our minds open. Teacher need to look at the long run and see that everything they do will mold the future even though they do not see the results now. The children are our future and as a teacher it is essential to benefit their education regardless of location, culture or rac e. I’m tired of society placing labels on groups of people and stereotyping city schools to be underachievers. The right knowledge, the right attitude and the right mind frame held by the teachers gives students endless opportunities to achieve. Our system needs to literally pound the message to the school boards that â€Å"the skies the limit† with the right guidance for our students. It was my teachers that made me realize that I wanted to become a teacher and make a difference. They motivated me enough to try and weed them out and not have anymore like them around. Julie is so inspiring because she looks to the positive and sees her students as individuals never placing a limit on their abilities. As a teacher you have to have hope, the strength to help the students and never give up on them. Each student needs to have support and know that you believe in them and will help them achieve their goals. If they don’t have any goals then it is your responsibility to hel... Free Essays on White Teacher Talks About Race Free Essays on White Teacher Talks About Race Julie Landsman gives off a unique and inspiring aspect in teaching a complex culture in her book, â€Å"A White Teacher Talks about Race.† I have learned the many different qualities and responsibilities teachers need to hold in order to understand and be able to relate with their students. What I respected the most is how Julie strived to reach her students in such a subtle way. The education system isn’t going to change within a matter of months or years it will take decades to keep the progression of change to take effect. It is the teacher’s responsibility over those years to keep the students best interest in mind. Julie made a great point stating that the laws will have to soften and our minds open. Teacher need to look at the long run and see that everything they do will mold the future even though they do not see the results now. The children are our future and as a teacher it is essential to benefit their education regardless of location, culture or rac e. I’m tired of society placing labels on groups of people and stereotyping city schools to be underachievers. The right knowledge, the right attitude and the right mind frame held by the teachers gives students endless opportunities to achieve. Our system needs to literally pound the message to the school boards that â€Å"the skies the limit† with the right guidance for our students. It was my teachers that made me realize that I wanted to become a teacher and make a difference. They motivated me enough to try and weed them out and not have anymore like them around. Julie is so inspiring because she looks to the positive and sees her students as individuals never placing a limit on their abilities. As a teacher you have to have hope, the strength to help the students and never give up on them. Each student needs to have support and know that you believe in them and will help them achieve their goals. If they don’t have any goals then it is your responsibility to hel...

World Civilization I Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Civilization I - Coursework Example The success of his law codification can be estimated from the fact that several nearby civilizations created similar codes of law including the Laws of Eshnunna and the Hittite code of laws. Neolithic agricultural economy reveals increasing intent and ability of humans to manipulate the natural world to their advantage in a variety of ways. During the early 7th millennium BC, the Aegean area saw a transition from the practice of food-gathering to the practice of organized food production as humans started domesticating animals and plants rather than hunting wild animals and gathering wild fruit. Humans used natural resources to make innovative things to serve their needs and interests. The rise of the city led to a more hierarchical society in early Mesopotamia because such a structure is a prerequisite for the establishment of an organized and structured system of law codification and implementation. In such a hierarchical structure, the King and his family were placed at the top; in the middle were the traders and workers; and at the lowest level were the

Island of stone money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Island of stone money - Essay Example When the Germans gained possession of the island, they ordered the chiefs of the districts in the island to repair the paths that had been neglected and were in poor condition. When the chiefs declined to administer the repair of the roads, the Germans sought a way of imposing fine on them. A person was sent to each disobedient district to mark the most valuable Fei with a black cross to indicate that the government now owned the stones (Friedman 3). The people then felt impoverished, repaired the roads, and the government then sent its agents to erase the marks. Consequently, the people regained possession of their Fei. Despite these people’s apparent lack of knowledge on how monetary systems work, the article compares their beliefs with an incident in the U.S where the Bank of France requested the Federal Reserve Bank to store its gold in its account. Consequently, the Federal Bank put French gold in separate drawers and put a label to indicate that it belonged to the French. The two incidents illustrate how important myth is to monetary matters. People tend to believe that their own money is more real and rational than those used by other societies. Because of these myths, people fail to realize that money from other countries may have high purchasing powers than theirs (Friedman 5). One of the characteristics of Fei that qualified it as money was its use by these people as a medium that could be exchanged for goods and services. The durability of these stones, another characteristic of money, ensured that they performed their duty as a medium of exchange and store of value. Durability as a feature of money is critical since it develops confidence that an item can be exchanged later for other goods. Fei can be classified as commodity money because its value was independent of regulatory forces but dependent on attached value on its material. Act of the Germans to mark the stones illustrates this because of the adverse effects that it

Changes in Social Lending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Changes in Social Lending - Essay Example dit permits very underprivileged people to insert themselves into projects that are focused on self-employment— with a view of generating some income. Yunus provides loans through his controversial bank, Grameen Bank—which makes him a pioneering single leader. Grameen Bank based in Bangladesh lends money through solitary groups. The bank’s approaches targets solitary groups as its prime building block. Further, the use of this technique has clearly had a significantly positive effect upon many prospective borrowers. Without Grameen, the financially handicapped wouldn’t have dared borrowing at all. I mean, to many of them, borrowing would figuratively be building castles in the air. Be that as it may, the determination to warranty that all members of solidarity groups are equally poor is inconsistent, and may not always improve the group performance at all. In all, microcredit is mere bunkum—in fact; it won’t succeed without the help of immense grants. In all, this is a reality that dents on the development of this approach. Conversely, this approach lacks clear lucidity. Glancing at it through perspectives, the overall effect of this development approach has not been to reduce poverty, but only to produce a debt gridlock for gullible borrowers—who are incredulously subjected to particularly supercilious rates of interests practical to conventional banks . It is no surprise at all that Yunus used the infused poverty in his country profitably to gain international attention. This approach of bottom of the pyramid has no capability of finally leading to long-term development, because many poor people will feel that they are being defrauded through the obviously feasible

Stained Glass Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stained Glass - Research Paper Example However, it was during the Middle Ages or Medieval Period from 500 AD to 1450 AD, that the art of creating stained glass was developed in Europe. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this research paper is to investigate stained glass, its background, Medieval stained glass, the process of creating the art pieces, developments, later stained glass, and the significance of the art in the modern world. The beauty of stained glass is magical, even before it is cut and pieced together into a project. Stained glass falls into two general categories: cathedral and opalescent or opals. Cathedral glass includes all clear and transparent colored glass. Contrastingly, opalescent glass is developed from a material that crystallizes the glass during the cooling process. This results in glass â€Å"with varying degrees of oqaqueness that refletcts light rather than transmitting it† (Stevenson 8). The term stained glass is considered to be a misnomer, since staining is only one of the techniques of coloring used, and the best medieval glass did not employ this method. In ancient times, Muslim designers in East Asia fitted small pieces of colored glass into intricate window traceries or lacy openwork, made of stone, wood, or plaster. This type of window mosaic continues to be used. In the windows of Christian churches, colored glass was used as early as the 5th century, and pictorial glass as early as the 10th century (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2009). In stained glass, color has been associated with emotions, through history. After entering a church, the meditative feeling that an individual gets is partly due to the interior lighting. It is believed that the rich reds and brilliant yellows traditionally used in stained glass evoked certain emotions in the viewers. Further, since many people were illiterate, books were not read to a great extent. Thus, they also

Child and the Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Child and the Law - Case Study Example The multiple needs of the child, together with the fact that he has been acting as a caregiver for his mother, make the case a multifaceted one in which several different agencies need to be involved. The basic duty of care towards Justin involves assuring he receives parental care or in loco parentis care, adequate educational opportunities and medical provisions for the "signs of depression" that might incapacitate him or even put his life in risk if they were allowed to develop into full-blown depression. All these facets need to be taken into account. Taking each part of the account of Justin in turn, this analysis will first consider the "education supervision order" which he is under and also the fact that he has been "taken into care on a voluntary basis by Hoppingdean Social Services on a number of occasions". An education supervision order is an order that is granted by a family court under the provisions of section 36 of the Children Act, 1989. The Education Supervision Order (ESO) has a clear and compelling reasoning behind it. The ESO is designed to "ensure that the child receives an efficient full-time education, suitable to his or her age, ability and any Special Educational needs; and that the Child benefits fully from the education received" (cumbria, 2006). At the present time it appears as though the general provisions of such an order are not being met for Justin. Thus the fact that his "frequent absences" have left him without the peer group vital for social development at this age, and that despite the "remedial work" being offered by the school he "has fallen far behind on his schoolwork" shows that he is clearly not receiving an efficient education. The blame for this cannot be put at the school's door, as they appear to be meeting Justin's needs as far as is feasible for a general Comprehensive school. Neither, under the exceptional circumstances within which the family is living, can the blame be put on the mother who is suffering from depression and alcoholism. Normally the parents/parent would be required to attend a magistrate's court to discover why the elements of the ESO are not being met, but this would not be appropriate in this case. The question arises as to whether the fact that Justin has been taken into care on a number of occasions on a voluntary basis should offer the way forward: should Justin be taken into care on a full-time basis, thus transferring responsibility for the ESO onto the Local Authority Social Services Department. As it is the child exists in a kind of limbo in which no one agency, or his mother, is fully responsible for what is occurring to him. He clearly is not thriving within this situation, as his educational problems and initial signs of depression graphically illustrate. Some other action is needed. The case of Justin could be seen as an embodiment of the need for some kind of integrated services for at risk children in the United Kingdom. It was the realization of this need that led to the creation of the Children's Trusts. The Trusts were created in order to keep up with the Children Act of 2004. As the National Evaluation of the Trusts suggests, English Local Authorities and National Health Service organizations serving children, young people and families are expected to take steps to unify or co-ordinate these services . . . .Children's Trusts are the emerging framework in which improvements in outcomes for children and young people are to be brought

Principle of Electric Motor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principle of Electric Motor - Essay Example If the current carrying conductor is bent in a rectangular loop, then the two opposite sides that are at right angles to the magnetic field will experience force (Hyper Physics, n.d.). The direction of the force on both rectangular loop sides will be opposite to each other and therefore will produce a torque to the loop and the loops will continuously rotate. In practical applications an electric motor have a large number of loops attached to the coil armature and the magnetic field is generally produced by large electromagnets. Mainly two types of electric motors are widely used and there is slight difference between the working principles of DC and AC electric motors. Working of DC and AC electric Motor: In DC electric motor electricity to the armature coil is supplied through a commutator. Commutator reverses the current after every half cycle so that the torque applied to the armature is in one direction only and thus the coil rotates in single direction. In an AC electric motor the AC current is passed through the rotating contacts. These rotating contacts are also called brushes and the main disadvantage of these AC motors is that a part of energy is wasted as heat, which also shorten the life of the electric motor, however in an AC motor the magnetic field is also produced by same AC voltage (Hyper Physics, n.d.).

Stained Glass Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stained Glass - Research Paper Example However, it was during the Middle Ages or Medieval Period from 500 AD to 1450 AD, that the art of creating stained glass was developed in Europe. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this research paper is to investigate stained glass, its background, Medieval stained glass, the process of creating the art pieces, developments, later stained glass, and the significance of the art in the modern world. The beauty of stained glass is magical, even before it is cut and pieced together into a project. Stained glass falls into two general categories: cathedral and opalescent or opals. Cathedral glass includes all clear and transparent colored glass. Contrastingly, opalescent glass is developed from a material that crystallizes the glass during the cooling process. This results in glass â€Å"with varying degrees of oqaqueness that refletcts light rather than transmitting it† (Stevenson 8). The term stained glass is considered to be a misnomer, since staining is only one of the techniques of coloring used, and the best medieval glass did not employ this method. In ancient times, Muslim designers in East Asia fitted small pieces of colored glass into intricate window traceries or lacy openwork, made of stone, wood, or plaster. This type of window mosaic continues to be used. In the windows of Christian churches, colored glass was used as early as the 5th century, and pictorial glass as early as the 10th century (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2009). In stained glass, color has been associated with emotions, through history. After entering a church, the meditative feeling that an individual gets is partly due to the interior lighting. It is believed that the rich reds and brilliant yellows traditionally used in stained glass evoked certain emotions in the viewers. Further, since many people were illiterate, books were not read to a great extent. Thus, they also

Principle of Electric Motor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principle of Electric Motor - Essay Example If the current carrying conductor is bent in a rectangular loop, then the two opposite sides that are at right angles to the magnetic field will experience force (Hyper Physics, n.d.). The direction of the force on both rectangular loop sides will be opposite to each other and therefore will produce a torque to the loop and the loops will continuously rotate. In practical applications an electric motor have a large number of loops attached to the coil armature and the magnetic field is generally produced by large electromagnets. Mainly two types of electric motors are widely used and there is slight difference between the working principles of DC and AC electric motors. Working of DC and AC electric Motor: In DC electric motor electricity to the armature coil is supplied through a commutator. Commutator reverses the current after every half cycle so that the torque applied to the armature is in one direction only and thus the coil rotates in single direction. In an AC electric motor the AC current is passed through the rotating contacts. These rotating contacts are also called brushes and the main disadvantage of these AC motors is that a part of energy is wasted as heat, which also shorten the life of the electric motor, however in an AC motor the magnetic field is also produced by same AC voltage (Hyper Physics, n.d.).

Police Influence on Society Essay Example for Free

Police Influence on Society Essay Policing has come along way the In the United States. Resources such has vehicles, radios, and computers have made policing much more efficient. Although policing has advanced, history of policing has had a huge impact on the current relationship between African Americans and police. Tension between African Americans and police existed throughout the history of policing and still exists within policing today. Policing history is divided into the political era, reform era, and community era. The political era and the reform era of policing have influenced the current relationship between African Americans and police (McNamara Burns, 2009). The issues of these policing eras have been the foundation for the issues that continue to exist between police and African Americans in today’s society. During the political area of policing, officers were looking to build a more intimate relationship with the community and politics had a huge impact on police practices and police departments. Law enforcement personnel who supported political leaders were rewarded for their support, this had a huge influence on who worked for the police departments and in what capacity they served (McNamara Burns, 2009). During the political era Black officers were treated differently from white officers and were not allowed to patrol in areas that were predominately white areas. Black officers were assigned to patrol in high crime areas and areas that were predominately minority areas. As a result of this, there was less police focus and protection in areas that were heavily populated by minorities (McNamara Burns, 2009) Although police departments have made huge strides to diversify police departments, discrimination within department still exists. The number of Black police officers in 50 of the largest states has increased by 128% since 1983, however, Black officer are still underrepresented. The Black officers who are given the opportunity to work for police departments still have to deal with overt racism from white officers. They also had to deal with assumptions from others, that they will give Black people a break when caught committing violating the law. Although there are a growing numbers of Black officers on police forces, it is still difficult for Black police officers to attain positions of command (The Criminology and Criminal Justice Collective of Northern Arizona University, 2009). There are laws set in place that afford Black people equal opportunities to work on the police force and not be discriminated against in the workplace, however, this type of discrimination and racism still exists. During the reform era of policing, police relied heavily on technology. The use of vehicles and technology advances enhanced policing, at the same time these advances hurt the relationship between police and communities. Officers no longer interacted with the community like they did while walking beats. During this era, officers focus on crime fighting (McNamara Burns, 2009). The Civil Rights movement caused a series of events that changed policing. During the reform era tension between Blacks and police officers grew as a result of Black protesters being confronted by white male police officers who had little training on how to confront protesters. Officers were in charge of dealing with anti-war and race demonstration, and the lack of African American and minorities in policing cause clashes between officers and Blacks. This played a role in hundreds of riots that occurred between 1966 and 1971. Police were seen as the enemy and faced criticism from every direction (McNamara Burns, 2009). The reform era set the foundation for the current relationship between police and African Americans. This era cause tension between Blacks and the police. Because officers were not properly trained to deal with certain situations, such as protest, they resulted in using violence as a way to control the situation. This perception of police still exists in today’s society within the Black communities. The perception of officer discriminating against Black, being racist, or using excessive force against Black is a frequent topic in today’s society. The Oscar Grant case is a good example of an officer lack of training resulting in the use of excessive force. Oscar Grant was shot by a while Bart police officer. This shooting caused uproar in the community. Many people protested as a result of the shooting. The relationship between police officers and the African American community continues to be distant and filled with tension. The image that African Americans have of police officers as a result of the reform era, has been passed down from generation to generation, by the knowledge of knowing about incidents of the past or just personal perceptions passed down from family and friends (Brunson, n.d.). Although training has been implemented into the training curriculum of officers, there are still officers who react as a result of their own biases and perceptions. And for these reason the relationship between African American and police officers will continue to be filled with tension and distrust. Policing history has had a huge impact on the current relationship between police and African Americans. Advances in technology and allowed policing to evolved into a more effective organization. However, the advancement changed the focus of policing from community relations to crime control. This changed began to create a distance between police and Blacks. As times passed the tension between these two groups continued to grow causing an even greater distance between the two groups that continues in today’s society. References Brunson, R. K. (n.d.). University of Massachusetts Lowell. Retrieved from http://faculty.uml.edu/jbyrne/44.203/police%20dont%20like%20black%20people.pdf McNamara, R., Burns, R. (2009). Multiculturalism in the Criminal Justice System. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. The Criminology and Criminal Justice Collective of Northern Arizona University, (2009). Investigating Difference: Human and Cultural Relations in Criminal Justice, (2nd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Causes and Effects of Debt and Recessions

Causes and Effects of Debt and Recessions The great Depression in parts of World As we mentioned before, the Great Depression mainly started in the United States, but the U.S. was not the only state that was affected by it. Other states around the world were also affected by the economic recession of 1930s. Herbert Hoover, the president of the United States during the years of the Great Depression, attempted to recover the country by establishing some internal and external policies. Hoover’s believe was that too much interference of the federal government would end America’s independence and self-determination. Hoover also created projects to increase the public works’ funding, but they only created jobs for a small part of the unemployed people. Then in October 1931, Hoover set up the National Credit Corporation (NCC) in an attempt to calm the money deficiency. However, this program failed because it didn’t satisfy the nation’s expectations. In 1932, Hoover was the one who requested that Congress set up the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to make mortgages to businesses but in the end it didn’t succeed. In 1932, Congress passed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act to support for a federal relief. Yet, this program couldn’t invert the collapse during the Great Depression. Because Hoover failed to recover the United States, social unrest and violence began to surface while the depression deepened. Unemployed workers, relief recipients, and unpaid schoolteachers piled up together and performed demonstrations to show their disappointment. Even though Hoover initiated some internal programs to help the recovery of economy, he was slow to respond to the depression. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff In 1932 Hoover signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. It increased the tariffs by 50%. The increase of the tariff with 50% will make the imported goods more expensive and the people will buy the nation’s goods which led to the increase of demand.-But the countries of Europe reacted with the increase of their tariffs which decreased the exports of USA ~ 70%. The war of trade impacted further the prices of agricultural goods which decreased more and then more farmers bankrupted. The tariffs damaged not only American farmers, but they damaged the German unstable economy too. Germany started to pay the reparation to France and UK based on the Versailles Treaty. UK and France decreased the payments to loans that they had from the banks of USA which further weakened the banks in USA. War debts at the end of World War I All European nations had to pay over $10 billion ($115 billion in 2002 dollars) to USA. The economies of Europe had been destroyed from the war, therefore they hadn’t the money to pay back of. While USA requested the money back from former allies, this enforced the requests of European Countries to Germany to pay the reparations based on the Versailles Treaty, but Germany could not pay these reparations. This situation worsened the crisis since Europe could not buy goods from the USA. The decline of world trade helped to bring the great depression. FDR New Deal Following the Social Unrest of 1932, the people had blamed Hoover for failing to recover the States from the Great Depression. When Franklin D. Roosevelt came to power on March 1933, many thought that he was strived to end the Great Depression completely. During his campaigns, he promised to help the poor farmers, unemployed people, and also the elderly. Other than declaring a bank holiday, Roosevelt had created a new program for the economic recovery called the New Deal, which aimed to help the jobless, to recover the the economy, and prevent another depression. Here is a list of the New Deal programs and their purposes: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided jobs for the unemployed from age 17 to 29. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) helped by paying the states so they could give money and clothing for the unemployed people. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) paid farmers to stop growing specified crops, such as cotton, grain, tobacco, and corn. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) regulated wages, price control, and economic conditions in the industry. The Public Works Administration (PWA) made possible the construction of ports, schools, and aircraft carriers. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) employed many unskilled people to do public work projects. In 1934, FDR launched the Second New Deal which was more concentrated on increasing purchases and public social security. The Second New Deal programs dealt with reforming and also recovery. Some of Second New Deal programs and their purposes are listed below: The Social Security Act, sought to help the old people by setting up a pension system. The act also gave the States money to aid dependent children and people with disabilities. The National Labor Act, created a National Labor Relations Board for protecting the organized labor rights. The second AAA, established in 1928(verify 1928 apo 1938), was established for agriculture recovery to pay farmers for conservation methods, but only if they limited the necessary crop production. U.S. Housing Authority Act, established in 1937 in order to construct better house buildings by demolishing ghettos. Eventually, the New Deal that FDR launched couldn’t end the Great Depression since many agricultural problems were left unsolved. It is still dubious at how the Deal programs helped ending the depression. The Deal did, however, restore hope that was missing in the United States during the depression and also eased the hardships of its economy even though by the end of 1930s the country’s economy was still bad. The major change of USA Economy happened after the event of Pearl Harbor which noted the entry of USA in World War II. The people and industry of USA were in the functionality of war. The war’s weapons were needed urgently All the people worked for the war, the men trained to in order to be soldiers while the women worked in fabrics. There were the urgent needs for the Food for inside country and overseas at the war front. The entrance of the USA in World War II finished the Great Depression in the USA B. Worldwide Impact The Depression was followed by a global collapse of the industrial economy in Europe and the U.S., which also brought political and economic tension on every society. Furthermore, the depression brought a sequence of difficulties in the West and economic flaws in the world.As we mentioned, the starting of Great Depression is typically linked to the Crash of the stock market on October 29, 1929. However, in some countries it started by early 1928. In the same way, while the ending of Great Depression is related with the entrance of the USA to World War II in 1941, in different countries it finished at different times. The USA’s economy was growing in the middle of 1938 while many countries around the world were hurt by the Great Depression, those industrialized and also those that exported raw materials. Effects of Great Depression worldwide United States Most people see that the Great Depression had its starting point in the United States in 1933, when more than 15 million Americans were unemployed and the economic production decreased by almost 50%. Canada The Depression also hit Canada very hard, with the unemployed labor force 30%. The unemployment rate was less than 12% at the starting of World War Two. Australia Australia was affected hard too. The salaries dropped and the unemployment was 32% by 1931 Europe After World War II, most European countries owned a lot of money to American banks but the loans were so high and they couldn’t pay them. Since the American government didn’t accept the debt, Europe started borrowing money to pay back. However, as the economy of USA started to slow down, the European countries founded in difficulty where to borrow money. Further the United States had the high tariffs. European countries couldn’t sell the products in markets of USA. These countries started to have the failure to pay the loans. After the crash of stock market banks stayed afloat. They recalled their loans. While the money ran out of Europe and returned to USA, the European economies started to go down separately. The farmers throughout faced the food overproduction and the low price. The production of food had increased in the reply to needs of war. Many farmers bought the new equipment borrowing heavily, believing that the good market will continue to be higher. But the increase of production in Europe and the high imports from USA caused the decrease of the price, which made the payment of the debts very hard. The farmers leaved the rural areas. The international trade of Europe with USA decreased significantly during the depression period mainly due to the establishment by U.S government of Smoot-Hawley Tariff Policy in 1930 which applied 50% tariff to imported goods. The U.S government formed this policy in order to help and protect the companies of USA by increasing the demand for domestic goods. But, the charging with a high tariff of the goods from imports dropped the trade between USA and other foreign countries, including Europe, so created unemployment out of the country while the factories closed up. Kinderberger (1986) shows that during 1933 international trade decreased by 33% compared to the trade in 1929. France Despite being affected by the World War I, France wasn’t affected that much compared to the other European countries during the Great Depression, since it wasn’t dependent in trade. By 1930s, the country was characterized by high unemployment and political anxiety. Germany After the First World War, Germany was angry for losing their territory and paying war debts, while America provided loans in order to rebuild German economy. But, these loans stopped during the Depression causing the rising of unemployment and the development of extremism in the political system. In 1921, Germany made the first compensation payment and one year later they claimed that they wouldn’t be able to manage paying any longer. The reasons because German people put their faith in Hitler were because of their humiliation, the enormous debt, and the economic crisis after World War I. Nazi Germany, which boasted the economy and reached full employment, kept low level of wages while not harmonizing the allocation of investments and constantly growing its dependence from military production. Poland During the Great Depression, Poland, the newly independent country, experienced a quick and deep recession. The economy grew in the 1920s by attracting foreign wealth and loans. Then in 1929, a financial crash made the capital flow reduce and eventually the prices of agricultural products fell. The severe results of the economic collapse were social, being accompanied with high unemployment and low wages of agricultural workers. The total production of industry in 1932 was ~40% less than in 1928. But, the economy of Poland had developed by 1934 and increased past 19% in 1937. Because of this, the Polish government wanted to acquire capital in private and launched a strategy called the â€Å"Polish Etatism†. The strategy permitted the polish government to take control of the saving banks, the operation of foreign exchange, cartels and foreign trade. Additionally it influenced a huge investment program in public labor and the private actions. One projectthat was a great achievem ent was the Central Industrial District development in 1936, which was concentrated on the military, transportation, agricultural, industrialization, and urbanization improvement. Romania In Romania, the sector that was hit very hard was the agricultural one where the government earnings fell because of the decline of the agriculture products exports. By 1932, the taxes fell and the government began to aid the poor by forcing their repayment’s delay. However, during the depression, the government needed with any cost the fiscal balance so it was hard for it to intervene in the economy. During the first years, there wasn’t any understandable plan with the goal to fight depression, but instead to fight the most important problems. Furthermore, Romania had a huge problem with the foreign debt. Since European states couldn’t take loan to deal with their debts, import limits were increased and in 1932 the control on exchange was established. The industry of Romania managed to recover during the 1930s, however the most of people were too poor to impact the increase of consumption and demands, and in addition the developments in foreign markets could not help since they became protectionists as effect of Depression. Greece During the inter-war period, in Greece was present a strong belief in favor of financial independence and nationwide autonomy. Derilis and Costis (2006) claimed that this ideology could have been changed into an actual policy in 1932. The economy was focused more internally and was led by the state, which was to some degree a reaction to the other nations’ activities that broadly presented controls on trade and fees. High taxes, determinable restrictions and the use of mutual clearing agreements were broadly utilized. The state involvement in economic issues increased throughout the 1930s. The guideline of Greek Economy was now the greater independence using the inside resources and less dependence from the international economy. This tendency was noticeable in both industry and agriculture (Aldcroft, 2006). Yugoslavia In reality Yugoslavia was not hit particularly hard by the crisis, though the peasants faced the worst, being unable to pay and calling for the government action to relieve them of their debts. The government reduced taxes for the farming communities and eliminated debts for about 600, 000 small farmers. The government`s response to the crisis was under heavy French influence. The government tried to balance the budget and National Bank started promoting deflationary monetary policy, and imposed exchange control in 1931. Soon the government recognized the error of its economic policy and in 1933 started to pursue more expansionary fiscal policy, which soon turned deflation into inflation. The government was also spending money on public works, and was actively trying to influence the commercial banks to lower their interest rates. Comparing the Great Depression and the Economic Crisis of 2008 There have been a lot of comments and misconceptions about the comparison of the Great Depression and the Great Credit Crisis of 2008. Both of them were originated in US and then spread out the world. The Trade, capital flow and policies on prices of commodities were the factors which spread worldwide the Great Depression. Depending from their specifics and the above factors, different countries faced different effects. For example, France was almost passive, whiles some other countries, such as Japan, was affected and used largely the monetary and fiscal policies during that period. On the contrary, the Great Credit Crises was global, started in US and with bigger influence in US. It impacted the global world economy with even worse effects in other countries exports, production and equity prices decline. But in the similar way with the measures taken during the Great Depression, different countries reacted in different ways. Some countries applied more aggressive monetary and fiscal policies; some other applied less aggressive ones. Summary The crash of the stock market on October 1929 wan not the cause of Great Depression. It was a symptom. It was followed by the bank closing crisis which reduced largely the money flow in the country, drop of demands and production and increase of unemployment as well. The major causes of the depression were the wrong policies established by the Federal Reserve, wrong ration of investments in production vs. the salaries, overproduction in industry and agriculture, and inequality of wealth distribution. Other factors such as the needs for the reconstruction of economy, the needs for renovation of old industry and railway rods, massive people migration and natural ecologic disasters influenced badly the economy during the Great depression. The measures taken by the President Hoover administration in order to ease the effects of depressions were late and not sufficient while most of them failed. President Roosevelt administration applied several measures as part of so called New Deal Programs, which were effective, helped for easing and avoiding the effects of Great Depression but did not end it. These measures returned back the hope and confidence of investors and consumers, and combined with the increased production which served the demands of WWII, created the foundation for the US economy recovery and then for a rapid development of it after the war. The great depression was not only a local USA crisis; it was global and widespread in world. The impact of it was different for each country depending from their domestic economy specifics and dependency from the world economy. In some aspects, the Great Depression worldwide effects and reaction to them, joined by the weakness and confusion in the outside foreign policies were one of the causes which pushed the world into WWII.

The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- Literary Analysis, John Steinbeck

What does family mean today? What did it mean 80 years ago? The theme of family is explored throughout the novel The Grapes of Wrath, particularly in the character Ma Joad. In some ways her definition is similar to mine, in some ways it is different. John Steinbeck used her meaning of family to help contribute to his message of the book, the saving power of family. Ma Joad makes numerous actions and says countless things that depict to the reader how she views and defines family. I agree with a select few of them. I do believe that the family unit should stick together, but only to an extent. Ma Joad recounts that â€Å"Al-he’s a-hankerin’ an’ a-jibbitin’ to go off on his own†¦ There ain’t no fambly now† (ch.26, p.536). She is implying that due to the absence of Noah and Al wanting to leave, they have lost their family ties. Without these ties they are no longer a family. Al even says that he is â€Å"goin’ out on [his] own purty soon. Fella can make his way lot easier if he ain’t got a fambly† (ch. 26 p487). He is implying that he will no longer associate himself with the other Joads because they are weighing him down, keeping him from his own desires. When Rose of Sharon brings up that she â€Å"and Connie dn’t want to live in the county no more†¦ a little worry came on Ma’s face† (Ch 16, p224). She did not like the thought of her daughter, although married with a baby on the way would ever leave her and her husband. She even goes so far as to ask Rose of Sharon â€Å"Ain’t you gonna stay with us- with the family† (Ch16 p224). I would be devastated if one of my siblings decided to up and leave without any intentions of returning. Sticking together is vital to keep a healthy family relationship. Although they do not live with us, I see my siblings a... ... He then goes on to tell Tom about how a Hoovervilles is structured and cue him in on how he will be treated in the present and the future. This shows us that the people are one group, one family. He is dropping settle hints to help Tom and the Joad family despite the fact that they just became acquainted with each other. The entire migrant force became one family. Family is a timeless importance in our mental and physical well being. In the novel The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck depicts this cultural characteristic in Ma Joad. Although the definition of family has changed, some characteristics still hold true. Family does not necessarily mean genetically similar. It can mean much more than that, such as a large group of people struggling together to survive. One single person can belong to many families, but essentially we are all one family, the human race.

We Must Strive to Protect Privacy in Technology Essay -- Argumentative

We Must Strive to Protect Privacy in Technology Technology is getting more and more complex as the years come and go. The availability of personal information is easier to access and the risk of it being tampered with is also high. As the years pass, the threat of privacy invasion gets greater and greater and easier to happen. There are several ways that privacy is able to be invaded and there will only be more to come. Americans have had their personal information given away without even knowing it. From dozens of public and private sources that have created consumer profiles, â€Å"the average American is profiled in up to 150 commercial databases† (Hinds 7). People are trying to â€Å"prohibit collection of personal information on the internet without consumer authorization† (Hinds 9). This is a very difficult thing to have happen, but it is a goal of several people who feel the same way. The amount of technology that is able to raid privacy is growing. â€Å"Every day millions of ordinary people are subject to a variety of technologies that invade their privacy† (Regan 1). Even in ...

Attendance monitoring system

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Project Context The advancement of technology today has immersed itself towards education. The presence of technology has reached its maximum of providing sustainable technology towards quality education through delivery and effective learning. [l] The Isabella State University Laboratory High School is one of the public high schools that embrace information and communication technology now. As they immersed themselves with technology through their delivery of lessons and other forms brought about by Information technology.Attendance is very important in every student, a ingle absent is big difference in performance in the school. Mostly students Of high school are prone to absences, it is because Of some reasons that they think it is a boring class, laziness to attend the class, some students prefer going to computer shops playing games rather than entering the class and some student cannot refuse the influence of a friend inviting to go with them during class period.Some of this reasons are not reported to the parents or guardians because the way of informing them is the traditional way which is they inviting the parents through telling the students that the parent need mom to school and communicate with the teacher about the absenteeism of the student. This process takes a long process and sometimes parents are not able to come because of some reasons that the parents are busy at work; they are away from the school and have an important matter to take care of. These are the reason why the parents are not informed about the absenteeism of the students.In this manner, the researchers therefore proposed the Parent Portal and Attendance Monitoring System with Short Message Service (SMS). The design and development of the system consists of two platforms. The first platform is the stand alone or window-based system. The stand alone or window-based system's function is to record attendance. If the student is absent and it is recorded to the stand alone system or window-base system, it will open a form that contains the SMS application that has a function to send a notification to parent that the student is absent.Saving of attendance in the stand alone or window-based system will trigger the second platform which is the parent portal or web- based system to duplicate the recorded attendance of the stand alone or window-based system. In other words, the two platforms will record the attendance simultaneously. The parent portal or web-based system function is to display the recorded attendance. This will allow the registered parents to view the attendance of their own child.The Parent Portal and Attendance Monitoring System with SMS will help the parents to inform about their students. Since there are two platforms that will be develop, informing the parent about the student is also two ways. The first way of informing parent about the attendance of the student is to send a notification using SMS and he second way of inf orming the parent is to access the Parent Portal or web- based system. The Parent Portal and Attendance Monitoring System with SMS provide a fast way of informing the parent anytime many,'here.Purpose and Description of the Study The study is focused on the attendance monitoring of the students in the school through the design and development of a system providing a means of information on the student's inputted grades and attendance of the student's on the school through parent portal and via SMS reminder notification. The study main reason of existence is to send information to the parents. The information composed of the student's attendance to class.The recorded everyday attendance to class is displayed in the parent portal and if absences occur it automatically sent to parents. The system also includes; inputting of students grades and computation of student's average per grading period. With the system providing a user-friendly and effective system provides an easier and faste r view of data of every student such as when the faculty/ adman is mistaken in the input of grades, the system provides the means Of updating the record. The system can retrieve information from the database ND can view anytime.Objective of the Study General Objective: The design and development of Parent Portal and Attendance Monitoring system aims to provide an interface for the parent to monitor their child's attendance to school; specifically has the following functionalities: Window- based System 1 . A system that will record the student's attendance and inputted grade in each subject every grading period. 2. A system that has a web browser feature that will replicate the inputted data in stand-alone system. 3. A system that will create an account for parents to have an access to the parent portal SMS Application 4.Send an SMS to the parents telling them if their son/daughter is absent. Parent Portal 5. A web-based system that will display the inputted records in the stand alon e system. 6. A web-based system that will compute the average of a student per grading period. 7. A web-based system that will display the rank of the student. 8. A web-based system that will print report. Scope and Limitations of the Project The proposed parent portal and attendance monitoring system with SMS is designed and developed for the whole school year 2012-2013 at Isabella State University Laboratory High School.The design and development of the project shall compose of two distinct functionalities such a windows-based system and web-based system. In terms of windows-based system, the system's function is on the recording of class attendances and inputting computed grades. The system also manages the user registration to the system such as; Adman of the Window-based system and Guardian who are the user of the parent portal and receiver of the notifications via SMS- The system provides functionality of recording the individual records of the dents such as attendance and inp utted grade in every grading period in the school.The system also provides a search capability for the user can easily view the student records. The system also provides the functionality of sending notification and reminder via SMS. These notifications are the absences of the student. The reminder will sent to the parents for them to know what is happening to the student. In terms of the parent portal, the services provided the parent, the ability to view the class attendances and computed grades in every quarter and the ranking of their child in entire grading. The parent can also generate report through printing.The performance in terms of grades, attendances, quizzes, participation, assignment/projects and periodical test misconducts in school quarterly are not to be displayed in parent portal. The functional limitation of the project is based on the functional role of the users to the system and web based system. There are two users to the system, the administrator and the pare nt. In terms of the adman, it has the capability to perform the recording as well as the updating the records in terms of the students attendance and computed grade in every quarter.Every update and recording of the student's performance is automatically posted to the Parent Portal. While on the side of the parent, it has the capacity to log in from the web by accessing the web portal. The parents directly view his/ her child performance base on its grades and attendance to school in parent portal. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Related Studies/Theoretical Background There is a significant body of research demonstrating the contribution of parent involvement to student learning.Henderson and Map (2002) reviewed several studies and provided a synthesis of the research findings. The report points to the strong impact of parent involvement on both student achievement and attendance and behavior. Research also indicates that participation declines with grade level, that socioec onomic status and family situation are factors in determining parent involvement and that students want their families to be involved (Epstein, 2002). Perhaps the most widely quoted work is by Epstein (2002) in her model of parent involvement which describes six different categories.Pusher (2007) extends the definition beyond involvement to engagement and argues that engagement is the Lamar of parent connections that truly make a difference for students. Reports in studies are related to project's objective. Since the parent's involvement in the student is very important, the researcher's study is to develop a system that would monitor the students for the parents. All the models speak to the importance of context in understanding parent engagement.While the types of engagement can be described, schools will be successful in working with parents and communities if the staff take time to listen, to understand, and to relate to the families with whom they work Pusher,2007). Each child arrives at school carrying the aspirations of the parent (Marijuana's, 2002), a family background (Bethel, 2004), and the culture of the family community. In this case, researchers must develop a communication between the staffs and the guardians of the students.The Quest for Communities that Work: Sustaining Student Improvement, An International Symposium for Education and Community Leaders, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. (Supplied by author) This report highlights the findings Of a research project with the primary purpose of determining if school nuncios have the ability to influence the rate of parental participation in education, with a particular emphasis on the types of involvement that may lead to improved student learning. The secondary purpose of the research project was to identify the ways in which Notation's parents prefer to be involved in their children's education. Comments) The study concluded that a deliberate focus and activity related to the Epstein framework d id produce a higher level of parental involvement as compared to schools without such a focus. Four recommendations for organizing programs to stimulate parental involvement are made. 1 . Stimulate activity within eight strategic categories of involvement. These are described in the, an extension of the Epstein (2002) model, adding Attending School Events and Fundraising to the model.Experimental research on the use of progress monitoring to enhance student performance has focused primarily on one form of progress monitoring: Curriculum-Based Measurement (CB). Academic areas frequently assessed using CB include reading mathematics, written expression, and spelling. Criteria that describe the measures used as part of CB include valid and liable indicators of generalized performance, short duration to facilitate frequent administration, a focus on direct and repeated measures of student performance, multiple forms that are inexpensive to create and produce, and sensitivity to changes in student achievement over time.Related Studies In a study developed by Wilson Abacas Learn (1 999), on a Proposed Grading System of Subcategories National School of Arts and Trade Sunday Subcategories Squiring, she noted the following: 1 . Slow Grade Computation 2. Time Consuming 3. Inaccuracy grades 4. Bulky Workload For those reasons, she recommends a computerized system: 1 . To reduce the time and effort in computing grades 2. To provide complete processing needed with efficiency and accuracy 3. To provide accurate grades reports. 2] The study violins Abacas Lorraine has the capacity to record the grades of the students but the grades recorded in the system must inform to parents, in this case the researcher's used the widely known World Wide Web to browse the grades of the students and see the top performed students and also, the parents can discuss the grades of the students. In a study of Jennifer C. Cotton (2001), on a Proposed Computerized Student Monitoring System of the Information Technology of University of La Salute Santiago City, she noted the following: 1. Slow data processing 2. Inaccuracy of repost 3.Lost of unrecorded files For those reasons, she recommends a computerized System: 1. TO answer data security and fast, accessing of students information 2. TO lessen document in folder because it will already be placed and stored in diskettes for more secured data storage. 3. To make the job of staff, cashier, faster and more accurate. [3] Jennifer C. Cotton proposed a good system UT it is not well managed. The researcher didn't focus in recording but in disseminating the students' performance because it is the responsibility of the parent for them to know what is happening.CHAPTER Ill TECHNICAL BACKGROUND In this chapter discuss the technicality of the project by which it describes the type of the project to be developed and its functionality. It also represents the type of application development of the project. Technicality of the Project Fig ure 1 . Network Architecture The proponents have used the web 2. 0 because it supports the features of he system like AJAX and JAVA script. The data fetched by an Ajax request is typically formatted in XML or SON (JavaScript Object Notation) format; two widely used structured data formats.Since both of these formats are natively understood by JavaScript it can easily use to transmit structured data in their web application. When this data is received via Ajax, the JavaScript program then uses the Document Object Model (DOOM) to dynamically update the web page based on the new data, allowing for a rapid and interactive user experience. The system works and functions in 3-tier architecture, it imposed Of the presentation layer, application layer and persistence layer. From the diagram below describes the architectural layout of the project. In the diagram it represents the different functionalities of the system.From the presentation layer, the faculty, adman and parent are the sole u ser involve in the system. The application layer is composed of the windows-based system and the web-based system. The window-based system is designed through the use of visual basic. Net application includes the use of a remote modem to send via SMS. While the web-based system is designed using the AJAX development, with CSS tools and other scripting to derive the functionality of the system. On the third layer is the persistence layer in which it is composed of the understanding of the database of all the system developed.Details of Technology to be Use The scope of this section is the discussion on what are the technologies is being used and how did the researcher use these technologies. CAMP 1. 7 or higher Developers will use this as development tool, to allow website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any access to the Internet Myself -pronounced either â€Å"My S-Q-L† or My Sequel,† is an open source relational database man agement system. It is based on the structure query language (SQL), which is used for adding, removing, and modifying information in the database.Standard SQL commands, such as ADD, DROP, INSERT, and UPDATE can be used with Myself. Myself can be used for a variety of applications, but is most commonly found on Web servers. A website that uses Myself may include Web pages that access information from a database. These pages are often referred to as â€Å"dynamic,† meaning the content of each page is generated from a database as the page loads. Websites that use dynamic Web pages are often referred to as database-driven websites. Myself will use by the researcher because it is one of the database that is compatible with the development of the system.HTML -This is the language that Web pages are written in. If you want to create really great Web pages then you will need to learn this. As far as computer languages go this is the easiest to learn. You can create a Web page without it using a Web page editing program but the program will still use HTML to create the page. [4] CSS;Cascading style sheets re used to format the layout of Web pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously could only be defined in a page's HTML. CSS helps Web developers create a uniform look across several pages of a Web site.. Http://www. Etceteras. Com/definition/CSS] JavaScript-Like Java, this is a programming language designed by Sun Microsystems, in conjunction with Netscape that can be integrated into standard HTML pages. While JavaScript is based on the Java syntax, it is a scripting language, and therefore cannot be used to create stand-alone orgasm. Instead, it is used mainly to create dynamic, interactive Web pages. For example, Web developers can use JavaScript to validate form input, create image rollovers, and to open those annoying pop-up windows. Like so many other things, we have to take the good with the ba d.AJAX- stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. This is the latest technology on web development that allows the user to interact with the links without reloading the page. IV. Net-(Visual Basic . NET) is an object-oriented programming language from Microsoft. It is the . NET version of the Visual Basic (IV) regaining language. Like all . NET languages, IV. NET uses the Common Language Runtime (CLC) for program execution. IV. NET is substantially different from traditional Visual Basic, which has been the most popular language for developing Windows applications.Modem- device that enables computers, facsimile machines, and other equipment to communicate with each other across telephone lines or over cable television network cables. In the strictest sense, a modem is a device that converts between analog signals, such as sound waves, and digital signals, which are used by computers. However, the term has also come to include devices that permit the transmission of entirely digita l signals. Cellular Phone-A portable telephone that uses wireless cellular technology to send and receive phone signals. This technology works by dividing the Earth into small regions called cells.Within each cell the wireless telephone signal goes over its assigned bandwidth to a cell tower, which relays the signal to a telephone switching network, connecting the user to the desired party. [6] How the Project will Work? To disseminate the information on the parents, the projects works in a client based system. It shows how the project work and how the process done in all layers. From the presentation layer, where the client's interface or the parents, to application layer, where the administrator or the staff of the faculty, to persistence layer or the database layer of the system, the system is being explained in further details.There are two kinds of system to be used view the information; through SMS and through Web Portal. It means that there are also TV'0 presentation layers, two application layers and two persistence layers. As you can see above figure, there are two users which are the parents, two application areas which are the application server of the window base application and the hobnobbing server and two database servers. To disseminate information on the parents, data and information must gather beforehand to record or save in the database of the system and ready to be viewed by the parents.In order to collect data, the adman records the student grades every grading period to the system after able to collect all the grades from their subject teacher. One distinct feature of the system is that it automatically sends notification or reminder to the parent via SMS whenever his child incurs absences in school. It also automatically updates the record from the parent portal whenever there are updates made from the system. On the side Of the web-based system, the adman can therefore reply back to all query posted from the web portal by the parents.M ETHODOLOGY Requirement Specification Operational Feasibility Fishbone Diagram One of the most effective method to track the root cause or problem of the agency or at the area were the study were taken which is the school, fishbone method is being used because researcher can determine what problems are going to solve when the system is being implemented. The diagram below wows what are the data gathered by the researchers. It shows the cause and effect of the current system of the school. Figure 2.Fishbone Diagram of the Project Functional Decomposition Diagram FED is a diagram that shows the breakdown structure in smallest component of the system that the researchers going to develop after studying analyzing the data that are gathered in feasibility and planning phase. This will help track the functionalities of the system and let you know the features that can are being added into the system. This diagram shows all the processes of the system. It will help the searchers on creating DEED because it is similar to context diagram that all processes are being displayed in one diagram. Attendance Monitoring System This advancement and improvement however, requires us to follow it. Like Countries for example, Countries need to cope in the technological change this advancement brings in order to Stay relevant. But Of course some countries however are less fortunate, just look at our country, the Philippines. The Philippines is a, let's admit it, a poor country. Governed by poor officials. This results in a lackluster change Technologically speaking and thus, leaves the Philippines in the dust when it comes to technological advancement. Compared to other far more advanced countries, our Country pales in imprison.This gap in technological advancement results in mediocre establishments, businesses, public schools etc. But what is the reason for this? The Government is one thing, but there has to be another reason on why our Country lacks or let's say falls behind in regards to Technology. We need to look a little deeper, first of all, we lack funds, investments, we are just mere followers and we ar e not the innovators, at least, technologically speaking. In order to overcome this however, even by at least by a small margin, we need to start from the bottom. It all starts with the employees,Better employees Better and much more work done. Looks simple enough, but I think this is where we need to start. How do we make the employees better though? By their attendance. Attendance is an integral part to know if your employee is working at a high level or if they are working enough. At first glance, this may sound easy enough. Some will probably say that checking an employees attendance is easy, but with our current manual systems, is it accurate? As stated above, we are technologically behind than other countries, they are probably using automated systems that eases the job of everybody.While here, most, but of course NOT ALL of the establishments and companies are using manual systems that takes a lot of time and effort. Now, THAT is where this system comes in. Background of the Study As stated in our long introduction above, the technological gap between the Philippines and other Countries serves as the backbone and the background of this study. Of course this helps out in our study, and is the main reason we aim to do this system. Statement of objectives Our objective is simple, ease the work done, but also improving the work and increasing the work done overall.

Listening awareness between a Man and Woman Essay

It’s a learning experience to discuss communication variances between men and woman, but society must also forget, even for a brief moment that, â€Å"Men are from Mars, Woman are from Venus†. Everyone shouldn’t ponder how a woman or men would act, without knowing the self-esteem factors of listening can do. Don’t we ponder why woman are so easily give up in asking for directions, while men tend to not give up easily and try find there way out of an unknown town. Currently, society is just the beginning to understand the true differences between men and women. Besides the obvious physiological differentiations, there are also differences in the way men and women think, speak, behave and sharing listening factor variances that will help guide the way women and men can help communicate without it having any effect on one’s self-esteem. Non-verbal communication, because actions may sometimes speak louder than words â€Å" Women are more spontaneously emotionally expressive yet also have less ability in controlling their emotions, while men are more direct minded and straight to the point† (Jeff Thompson, Psychology Today Article). Body language is becoming for as a significance tool to identify any mixed signals, warning signs or welcoming behaviors between a man a woman, and this can lead to a low or high self-stem as well. Such as, people are enjoying more quiet moments, and just using welcoming body language or positive non-verbal communication, and simply the other person would listen by responding back with a sincere smile, hug, etc. Another aspect of non-verbal communication, it can send of the varied vibes of male dominance, men tend to have a more closed approach, while woman will show more affiliate body movement and response to a non-verbal reaction. Listening with reactions, and no verbal can leave men and woman having a dissimilar outlook, such as when woman touch there self’s too much, it may be identified as flirting, while the woman is seeing the man as squeamish or impatient. To say you are listening would be reinforced by eye contact and position of the body, facial expressions is a huge key factor for listening nonverbal communication. Therefore, nonverbal communication is important to resolving conflict, enjoying each other’s company, meaningful conversation and increasing trust between a man and woman. Another listening skills that will help improve men and woman self-esteem is active listening. Active listening will help improve empathy, build trust, and teach a person listen as much as he or she would speak during conversations. â€Å" Unfortunately, most people focus more on the speaking than they do on the listening† (Susan Cross, Psychology Today Article). If a women or man were to sit back an listen to what is happening, they would learn more and be able to think of a greater and responsive answer in a conversation that is happening. The problem that most people have is becoming a poor listener, because they are not actively listening or fully engulfing what is happening around they, and will is not only be perceived as rude but that they miss out on important knowledge of any given conversation, speech, for both sexes. Active listening is becoming extinct; because of modern day technology of social media is becoming more and more of a distraction. Using active listening, it will help a person understand any speaker, because the more that is being heard, the more the person and respond and reflect how the other person will be feeling. Active listening involves sensing, processing, and responding in empathic ways. Sensing, the man or woman would be able to take all that he or she is hearing and dissect a great response. Processing, is putting the pieces of the puzzle together, and responding after the active listening is to show a non-verbal response, giving a clue to the speaker that active listening is happening. In other word’s, men and woman alike should defiantly wait before they speak, a moment too soon may seem rude, not responding will leave a bitter reaction to the other person, so listen wisely with open ears and mind. A countless tool for men and women to comprehend, and learning what may affect the outcome of any given outcome, is reflective listening. For example, with active listening being used through text messages, emails, social media than a modern day phone call, reflective listening is becoming more critical to one’s communication. Various of incidents of miscommunication happens, because one person may not quietly understand a person’s reaction, were as reflective listening must be used to either help clarify what he or she is saying, or further create another question to have a more clarifying and direct response. â€Å"Empathy is surprisingly difficult to achieve. We all have a strong tendency to advise, tell, agree, or disagree from our own point of view.† ( Dalmar Fisher, Communications in Organization Article). Roughly, people want acceptance, and men tend not to reflect or show a response when accepting and agreement, and men also won’t show any acceptance when it’s disagreement. Woman will easily overuse emotions, rather it be acceptance of positive or negative news. Both sides should lean towards personal and reflective stories, than what is impersonal, distant or may push the opposing person away. If a woman or man can’t fully understand what the speaker is saying, just reiterate and clarify what just happened, verses driving the speaker with questions and turning the speaker into the listener. Reflecting listening, both sides will be able to show acceptance and empathy, not with indifference, cold objectivity, or fake actions that can lower the speaker’s or person dignity. Possibly the most significant, the reflective listener will try and respond to feelings, and not just to content, but with feelings. The speaker, rather is be a man or woman is often not looking for the solution of the surface problem, but rather for a way to deal with the emotional ramifications, and when it come’s to knowing how to communicate with a man or woman’s self-esteem, were all human beings. The outcome of non-verbal communication, active listening and reflective listening with men and woman will cause relationships to develop and learn to accept empathy, increase trust with one another. Having both sides listening, it is encouraging for both sides to discover and solve problems easier; people automatically believe they are naturally born listeners. Both men and woman, ten to listen for what we want to listen, than really listen to what the speaker is saying. Great relationships, rather is be friendship, spouses, workplace are only happening with knowing what good listening skills can be brought to all ends of the table. Communications is a key factor when it comes to listening between a man a woman, if it doesn’t happen or it’s built up between both sides, it would eventually fall apart and unable to rebuild. For both sides to appreciate what is current, and with woman that tend to hold on to past, just learn from it, rather than holding on to a distant memory. Furthermore, listening does build’s lifelong foundation between people, the foundation just needs to be up kept, and for both sides to speak up, but not forgetting to listen.